对偶锥与广义不等式
对偶锥
若
称为

TikZ 代码
tex
\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,scale=0.9]
% dual cone: y in K* iff the halfspace normal to y contains K
\draw (-2.4,-1.1) -- (2.4,1.1);
\draw[fill=gray!20] (0,0) -- (1.4,1.7) -- (0.42,2.15) -- cycle;
\node at (1.05,1.1) {$K$};
\draw[->,thick] (0,0) -- (-0.55,1.3) node[left] {$y$};
\node at (-1.9,0.35) {$y^{\top}x \geq 0$};
\end{tikzpicture}对偶锥的性质
是闭凸锥。 。 - 如果
有非空内部,那么 是尖的。 - 如果
的闭包是尖的,那么 有非空内部。 是 的凸包的闭包。因此如果 是凸和闭的,那么 。
广义不等式的对偶
若凸锥
广义不等式及其对偶的性质
对偶不等式定义的最(极)大(小)元
最小元的对偶性质

TikZ 代码
tex
\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,scale=0.9]
% minimum element: strictly supporting hyperplane at x
\draw[fill=gray!20] (0,0) .. controls (0.5,1.2) and (1.2,1.9) .. (1.8,2.9)
.. controls (2.1,2.0) and (2.6,1.3) .. (4.4,0.75) -- cycle;
\node at (1.8,1.3) {$S$};
\fill (0,0) circle (1.4pt) node[below left] {$x$};
\draw (-2.0,0.17) -- (4.4,-0.39);
\node at (2.2,-0.75) {$\lambda^{\top}(z-x)=0$};
\end{tikzpicture}极小元的对偶性质
如果

TikZ 代码
tex
\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,scale=0.9]
% minimal elements: hyperplanes minimizing lambda^T z over S touch S at x_i
\draw[fill=gray!20] plot[smooth cycle,tension=0.8]
coordinates {(0.15,1.6) (0.8,2.35) (1.45,2.9) (1.8,2.1) (2.35,2.6) (3.3,1.9)
(3.9,1.1) (3.3,0.45) (2.3,0.3) (1.3,0.45) (0.55,0.85)};
\node at (2.0,1.5) {$S$};
% tangent at x1 (near leftmost point of S)
\draw (-0.27,4.0) -- (0.53,-1.5);
\fill (0.13,1.5) circle (1.4pt) node[below left] {$x_1$};
\draw[->,thick] (0.13,1.5) -- (-0.87,1.4) node[left] {$\lambda_1$};
% tangent at x2 (bottom of S)
\draw (-0.4,0.63) -- (4.2,-0.09);
\fill (1.8,0.36) circle (1.4pt) node[above right] {$x_2$};
\draw[->,thick] (1.8,0.36) -- (1.65,-0.64) node[below] {$\lambda_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}其逆命题在一般情况下是不成立的。